Retos en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de la tuberculosis pulmonar y extrapulmonar
Palabras clave:
Tuberculosis; pulmonar; extrapulmonar; pruebas; seguimiento
Resumen
Los diagnósticos de enfermedades como la tuberculosis son el primer factor para salvar una vida, de esta manera, se identifica que es una infección crónica, producida por la bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis que se presenta en formas activa, resistente y latente. Por esto, es un reto constante para los profesionales de salud en el seguimiento o vigilancia de las personas contagiadas o posibles a contagiarse. A nivel nacional e internacional se han identificado varios tipos de tuberculosis incluyendo el proceso del diagnóstico, considerando, que un total de 1,5 millones de personas murieron de tuberculosis en el año 2020. En todo el mundo, la tuberculosis es la decimotercera causa de muerte y la enfermedad infecciosa más mortífera. Por lo que el objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar evidencias científicas sobre los retos implícitos en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de la tuberculosis pulmonar y extrapulmonar. Este estudio es de diseño documental con recopilación de artículos publicados en los últimos seis años de las bases de datos científicas y buscadores: SciELO, PubMed, Elsevier, y Medigraphic, también páginas webs oficiales. Los resultados sugieren que durante el 2018 se detectaron 10 millones de casos de TB y aproximadamente 1 millón de muertes, siendo muy prevalente e incidente en las regiones de África y el Sudeste Asiático. Sus resultados fueron que la mayor prevalencia de la tuberculosis pulmonar con 140.634 se dio en el cantón Duran Ecuador, 93,3%, en cuanto a la tuberculosis extrapulmonar con 795.513 su prevalencia fue menor de 77,1%, en Australia, siendo las tecnicas de diagnósticos más utilizadas el Genexpert/RIF con una sensibilidad 94% y especificidad de 98% y con mayor sensibilidad y especificidad del 100% el cultivo; y el seguimiento a los pacientes con tuberculosis con mayor éxito es Uganda con 92,5% con una perdida al seguimiento con 79,3%. Los retos implícitos en el diagnóstico del Mycobacterium tuberculosis es el genexpert por su tiempo de resultado 2 horas, permitiendo un diagnóstico eficaz y oportuno y permitir el seguimiento a los pacientes hasta el término del tratamiento tanto como tuberculosis sensible/RIF o tuberculosis resistente/RIF.
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2022-11-26
Cómo citar
Raúl Elvis Santistevan Holguín, & Nereida Josefina Valero Cedeño. (2022). Retos en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de la tuberculosis pulmonar y extrapulmonar. Revista Científica FIPCAEC (Fomento De La investigación Y publicación científico-técnica multidisciplinaria). ISSN : 2588-090X . Polo De Capacitación, Investigación Y Publicación (POCAIP), 7(4), 1900-1297. Recuperado a partir de https://fipcaec.com/index.php/fipcaec/article/view/713
Sección
Artículos de Investigación
