Proteinuria y factores de riesgo preexistentes para el desarrollo de preeclampsia en gestantes
Palabras clave:
Diagnóstico; Embarazo; Hipertensión Gestacional; Perinatal; Riesgos.
Resumen
La proteinuria gestacional puede ser parte de los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo. Son un desafío en especial la preeclampsia, que se presenta como hipertensión de inicio reciente y proteinuria durante el tercer trimestre, puede progresar a complicaciones graves, incluida la muerte materno-fetal. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar evidencias científicas actuales sobre la proteinuria y otros factores de riesgo preexistentes para el desarrollo de preeclampsia en gestantes. Se aplicó un diseño documental tipo descriptivo. Se seleccionaron desde bases de datos científicas 85 artículos, publicados entre los años 2018 a 2022. La preeclampsia es un síndrome sistémico que afecta los sistemas cardiovascular, renal y hepático y se asocia con una mayor morbimortalidad materna y perinatal. La proteinuria se utiliza para distinguir la preeclampsia de las condiciones de menor riesgo de hipertensión gestacional y crónica en el embarazo, aunque puede ocurrir en ausencia de proteinuria. Un índice de masa corporal materno más alto, edad más joven, nuliparidad y embarazo gemelar, se asocian de forma independiente con mayores probabilidades de proteinuria en el embarazo. Los trastornos hipertensivos afectan hasta el 10% de las gestantes en todo el mundo, lo que incluye el 3-5% de todos los embarazos complicados con preeclampsia. A pesar de su prevalencia, los factores de riesgo identificados todavía se mantienen sin precisión para predecir su aparición. La preeclampsia es una de las principales causas de morbilidad materna y se asocia con resultados fetales adversos que incluyen restricción del crecimiento intrauterino, parto prematuro, desprendimiento de placenta, sufrimiento fetal y muerte fetal en el útero. El diagnóstico y manejo oportuno de la preeclampsia implican prevención de los efectos adversos de la prematuridad según la gestación.
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Publicado
2022-11-19
Cómo citar
Stefany Virginia Aguayo Guerrero, & Nereida Josefina Valero Cedeño. (2022). Proteinuria y factores de riesgo preexistentes para el desarrollo de preeclampsia en gestantes. Revista Científica FIPCAEC (Fomento De La investigación Y publicación científico-técnica multidisciplinaria). ISSN : 2588-090X . Polo De Capacitación, Investigación Y Publicación (POCAIP), 7(4), 311-349. Recuperado a partir de https://fipcaec.com/index.php/fipcaec/article/view/638
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