Parámetros de laboratorio y factores clínicos en el diagnóstico y pronóstico de pacientes con covid-19
Abstract
La utilización de biomarcadores o pruebas tempranas que contribuyan al diagnóstico y alerten sobre la severidad de la enfermedad, son de gran utilidad para el manejo oportuno y disminución del impacto de la pandemia. El objetivo fue analizar los parámetros de laboratorio y sus factores clínicos en el diagnóstico y pronóstico de pacientes con COVID-19. Se aplicó un diseño documental con búsquedas bibliográficas en PubMed, Elsevier, Google Académico, SciELO, Scopus, Biblioteca Cochrane, Web of Science y páginas oficiales de entes de salud. Se seleccionaron 103 artículos bajo criterios de inclusión y exclusión, publicados en el periodo 2020-2022. Se utilizaron términos MeSH de búsqueda solos o combinados con los operadores booleanos “and” u “or”. Los exámenes de rutina de laboratorio clínico revelan alteraciones en pacientes con COVID-19. Al establecer la utilidad clínica diagnóstica y pronóstica de pruebas de laboratorio en la infección por COVID-19, fue evidente que hasta la actualidad no existe algún biomarcador o combinación de biomarcadores suficientemente sensible y específico para establecer un diagnóstico de COVID-19 o para predecir su curso clínico. La documentación de los factores clínicos y de laboratorio predictivos de hospitalización, enfermedad grave, admisión a cuidados críticos y de mortalidad en pacientes con COVID-19, mostraron que los parámetros de laboratorio, los factores clínicos y de riesgo identificados en los pacientes, han permitido avances en el pronóstico de la gravedad y consecuentemente un mejor y oportuno manejo terapéutico para disminuir la letalidad por COVID-19, observada al inicio de la pandemia.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
1. Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Coronavirus. [Online]. 2020. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/es/health-topics/coronavirus/coronavirus.
2. Walls AC, Park YJ, Tortorici M, Wall A, McGuire AT, Veesler D. Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein. Cell. 2020;181(2):281-292.e6. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.058
3. Organizacion Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Los nombres de la enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19) y del virus que la causa. 2020. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/es/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it
4. Valero C, Mina O, Veliz C, Merchán V, Perozo M. COVID-19: La nueva pandemia con muchas lecciones y nuevos retos. Revisión Narrativa. Kasmera. 2020; 48(1)e48102042020. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3745322
5. Mendes A, Serratrice C, Herrmann FR, Genton L, Périvier S, Scheffler M, Et al. Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality in Older Patients With COVID-19: The COVIDAge Study. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020;21(11):1546-1554.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.09.014. PMID: 33138936; PMCID: PMC7491997.
6. Xu PP, Tian RH, Luo S, Zu ZY, Fan B, Wang XM, Et al. Risk factors for adverse clinical outcomes with COVID-19 in China: a multicenter, retrospective, observational study. Theranostics. 2020;10(14):6372-6383. doi: 10.7150/thno.46833. PMID: 32483458; PMCID: PMC7255028.
7. Gil-Rodrigo A, Miró Ò, Piñera P, Burillo-Putze G, Jiménez S, Martín A, Llorens P; en representación de la red de investigación SIESTA Et al. Analysis of clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with COVID-19 based on a series of 1000 patients treated in Spanish emergency departments. Emergencias. 2020;32(4):233-241. English, Spanish. PMID: 32692000.
8. Medeiros A, Daponte A, Moreira D, Garcia E, Kalache A. Letalidad de la COVID-19: ausencia de patrón epidemiológico. Gaceta Sanitaria. 2021; 35(4):355-357. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.04.001
9. Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet. 2020;395(10224):565-574. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8
10. Florence N., Rodriguez D., Crespin W., Zaola X., Cevallos B., Song J., et al. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N. Engl. J. Med. 2020; 382:727–733. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001017.
11. Sethuraman N, Jeremiah SS, Ryo A. Interpreting Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2. JAMA. 2020;323(22):2249-2251. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.8259. PMID: 32374370.
12. Martín-Sánchez FJ, González Del Castillo J, Valls Carbó A, López Picado A, Martínez-Valero C, Miranda J, Et al. Diagnostic groups and short-term outcomes in suspected COVID-19 cases treated in an emergency department. Emergencias. 2020;32(4):242-252. English, Spanish. PMID: 32692001.
13. Jiménez Hernández S, Lozano Polo L, Suñen Cuquerella G, Peña Pardo B, Espinosa B, Cardozo C, Aguirre Tejedo A, Llorens Soriano P, Miró Ò. Clinical findings, risk factors, and final outcome in patients diagnosed with pulmonary thromboembolism and COVID-19 in hospital emergency departments. Emergencias. 2020;32(4):253-257. English, Spanish. PMID: 32692002.
14. Cui LY, Cheng WW, Mou ZW, Xiao D, Li YY, Li YJ, Li WT, Chen ZM. Risk factors for pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2021; 111:154-163. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.08.017. PMID: 34418565; PMCID: PMC8372457.
15. Anka AU, Tahir MI, Abubakar SD, Alsabbagh M, Zian Z, Hamedifar H, Sabzevari A, Azizi G. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): An overview of the immunopathology, serological diagnosis and management. Scand J Immunol. 2021;93(4):e12998. doi: 10.1111/sji.12998. PMID: 33190302; PMCID: PMC7744910.
16. Qi K, Zeng W, Ye M, Zheng L, Song C, Hu S, Duan C, Wei Y, Peng J, Zhang W, Xu J. Clinical, laboratory, and imaging features of pediatric COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Apr 16;100(15):e25230. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000025230. PMID: 33847620; PMCID: PMC8052054.
17. Morikawa M, Shinoda M, Ota S, Yoshida Y, Hirouchi T, Shinada K, Sasaki O, Sato T, Kamachi K, Shinkai M. Clinical Features of 154 COVID-19 Patients and the Parameters for the Effective Detection of Pneumonia at the Time of the Initial Diagnosis in Japan. Intern Med. 2021; 60(1):31-37. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.5528-20. PMID: 33132330; PMCID: PMC7835458.
18. Barth RF, Buja LM, Barth AL, Carpenter DE, Parwani AV. A Comparison of the Clinical, Viral, Pathologic, and Immunologic Features of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Diseases. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2021;145(10):1194-1211. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2020-0820-SA. PMID: 34232978.
19. Budinger GRS, Misharin AV, Ridge KM, Singer BD, Wunderink RG. Distinctive features of severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. J Clin Invest. 2021 Jul 15;131(14):e149412. doi: 10.1172/JCI149412. PMID: 34263736; PMCID: PMC8279580.
20. Rong Y, Wang F, Tian J, Liang X, Wang J, Li X, Zhang D, Liu J, Zeng H, Zhou Y, Shi Y. Clinical and CT features of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 cases after two sequential negative nucleic acid testing results: a retrospective analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2021 Apr 8;21(1):333. doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-06013-x. PMID: 33832444; PMCID: PMC8027977.
21. Ouahmi H, Courjon J, Morand L, François J, Bruckert V, Lombardi R, Esnault V, Seitz-Polski B, Demonchy E, Dellamonica J, Boyer-Suavet S. Proteinuria as a Biomarker for COVID-19 Severity. Front Physiol. 2021; 12:611772. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.611772. PMID: 33767630; PMCID: PMC7985082.
22. Safiabadi Tali SH, LeBlanc JJ, Sadiq Z, Oyewunmi OD, Camargo C, Nikpour B, Armanfard N, Sagan SM, Jahanshahi-Anbuhi S. Tools and Techniques for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)/COVID-19 Detection. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2021 May 12;34(3):e00228-20. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00228-20. PMID: 33980687; PMCID: PMC8142517.
23. Gallo Marin B, Aghagoli G, Lavine K, Yang L, Siff EJ, Chiang SS, Salazar-Mather TP, Dumenco L, Savaria MC, Aung SN, Flanigan T, Michelow IC. Predictors of COVID-19 severity: A literature review. Rev Med Virol. 2021;31(1):1-10. doi: 10.1002/rmv.2146. PMID: 32845042; PMCID: PMC7855377.
24. Battaglini D, Lopes-Pacheco M, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Pelosi P, Rocco PRM. Laboratory Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis in COVID-19. Front Immunol. 2022; 13:857573. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.857573. PMID: 35572561; PMCID: PMC9091347.
25. Gorog DA, Storey RF, Gurbel PA, Tantry US, Berger JS, Chan MY, Duerschmied D, Smyth SS, Parker WAE, Ajjan RA, Vilahur G, Badimon L, Berg JMT, Cate HT, Peyvandi F, Wang TT, Becker RC. Current and novel biomarkers of thrombotic risk in COVID-19: a Consensus Statement from the International COVID-19 Thrombosis Biomarkers Colloquium. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2022;19(7):475-495. doi: 10.1038/s41569-021-00665-7. PMID: 35027697; PMCID: PMC8757397.
26. Yang X, Li Z, Wang B, Pan Y, Jiang C, Zhang X, Yang Y, Zhou C, Hu C, Zhang Z, Xu H, Liao W, Vizcaychipi MP, Sanders RD, Li Y, Ma D, Peng Z. Prognosis and antibody profiles in survivors of critical illness from COVID-19: a prospective multicentre cohort study. Br J Anaesth. 2022;128(3):491-500. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.11.024. PMID: 34980470; PMCID: PMC8616737.
27. Zhou A, Song Q, Peng Y, Liao X, Huang P, Liu W, Xiang Z, Liu Q, Jiang M, Xiang X, Deng D, Chen P. Symptoms at disease onset predict prognosis in COVID-19 disease. Libyan J Med. 2022;17(1):2010338. doi: 10.1080/19932820.2021.2010338. PMID: 34931582; PMCID: PMC8725726.
28. Ramesh J, Rajesh M, Varghese J, Reddy SLS. Calculated plasma osmolality at hospital admission correlates well with eGFR and D-Dimer, a simple outcome predictor and guiding tool for management of severe COVID-19 patients. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2021; 15(5):102240. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102240. PMID: 34403950; PMCID: PMC8353972.
29. Debi H, Itu ZT, Amin MT, Hussain F, Hossain MS. Association of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer concentration on the severity of COVID-19 cases with or without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2022; 17(1):83-93. doi: 10.1080/17446651.2022.2002146. PMID: 34781810; PMCID: PMC8607539.
30. Kumar DS, Hanumanram G, Suthakaran PK, Mohanan J, Nair LDV, Rajendran K. Extracellular Oxidative Stress Markers in COVID-19 Patients with Diabetes as Co-Morbidity. Clin Pract. 2022; 12(2):168-176. doi: 10.3390/clinpract12020021. PMID: 35314591; PMCID: PMC8938798.
31. Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, Xia J, Zhou X, Xu S, et al. Risk Factors Associated with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med. 2020;180(7):934–43. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994
32. Lippi G, Plebani M. Laboratory abnormalities in patients with COVID-2019 infection. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2020; Vol. (58): 1131–1134. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2020-0198
33. Bikdeli B, Madhavan M V., Jimenez D, Chuich T, Dreyfus I, Driggin E, et al. COVID-19 and Thrombotic or Thromboembolic Disease: Implications for Prevention, Antithrombotic Therapy, and Follow-Up: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020; 75(23):2950–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.04.031
34. Li B, Yang J, Zhao F, Zhi L, Wang X, Liu L, et al. Prevalence and impact of cardiovascular metabolic diseases on COVID-19 in China. Clin Res Cardiol. 2020; Vol. (109): 531–538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-020-01626-9
35. García-Azorín D, Martínez-Pías E, Trigo J, Hernández-Pérez I, Valle-Peñacoba G, Talavera B, et al. Neurological Comorbidity Is a Predictor of Death in COVID-19 Disease: A Cohort Study on 576 Patients. Front Neurolet. 2020;11:781. Doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00781
36. Zhang G, Hu C, Luo L, Fang F, Chen Y, Li J, et al. Clinical features and short-term outcomes of 221 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. J Clin Virol. 2020; 127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104364
37. Lippi G, Lavie CJ, Sanchis-Gomar F. Cardiac troponin I in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Evidence from a meta-analysis. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. 2020; Vol. (63): 390–401. Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pcad.2020.03.001
38. Tang N, Li D, Wang X, Sun Z. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost. 2020; 18(4): 844–847. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.14768
39. Zhang G, Zhang J, Wang B, Zhu X, Wang Q, Qiu S. Analysis of clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of 95 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A retrospective analysis. Respir Res. 2020; 21(1):1–10. Disponible en: https://respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12931-020-01338-8
40. Gao Y, Li T, Han M, Li X, Wu D, Xu Y, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Wang X, Wang L. Diagnostic utility of clinical laboratory data determinations for patients with the severe COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2020; 92(7):791-796. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25770. PMID: 32181911; PMCID: PMC7228247.
41. Du RH, Liang LR, Yang CQ, Wang W, Cao TZ, Li M, et al. Predictors of mortality for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARSCoV- 2: A prospective cohort study. Eur Respir J. 2020; 55(5). Doi: 10.1183/13993003.00524-2020
42. Wang F, Nie J, Wang H, Zhao Q, Xiong Y, Deng L, Song S, Ma Z, Mo P, Zhang Y. Characteristics of Peripheral Lymphocyte Subset Alteration in COVID-19 Pneumonia. J Infect Dis. 2020; 221(11):1762-1769. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa150. PMID: 32227123; PMCID: PMC7184346.
43. Paz Ibarra J. Manejo de la diabetes mellitus en tiempos de COVID-19. Acta Medica Peru. 2020; 37(2):176–178. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.35663/amp.2020.372.962
44. Zhang Y, Cui Y, Shen M, Zhang J, Liu B, Dai M, et al. Association of diabetes mellitus with disease severity and prognosis in COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020;165. Doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108227
45. Shi Q, Zhang X, Jiang F, Zhang X, Hu N, Bimu C, et al. Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Mortality of COVID-19 Patients with Diabetes in Wuhan, China: A Two-Center, Retrospective Study. Diabetes Care. 2020; 43(7):1382–1391. Doi: 10.2337/dc20-0598
46. Rastad H, Karim H, Ejtahed HS, Tajbakhsh R, Noorisepehr M, Babaei M, et al. Risk and predictors of in-hospital mortality from COVID-19 in patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2020; 12(1). Doi: 10.1186/s13098-020-00565-9
47. Chen Y, Yang D, Cheng B, Chen J, Peng A, Yang C, et al. Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients with Diabetes and COVID-19 in Association with Glucose-Lowering Medication. Diabetes Care. 2020; 43(7):1399–1407. Doi: 10.2337/dc20-0660
48. Jin Y, Yang H, Ji W, Wu W, Chen S, Zhang W, Duan G. Virology, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Control of COVID-19. Viruses. 2020; 12(4):372. Doi: 10.3390/v12040372. PMID: 32230900; PMCID: PMC7232198.
Terpos E, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Elalamy I, Kastritis E, Sergentanis TN, Politou M, Psaltopoulou T, Gerotziafas G, Dimopoulos MA. Hematological findings and complications of COVID-19. Am J Hematol. 2020; 95(7):834-847. Doi: 10.1002/ajh.25829. PMID: 32282949; PMCID: PMC7262337.
49. Abad-García MF. El plagio y las revistas depredadoras como amenaza a la integridad científica. Anales de Pediatría. 2019; Vol 90 (1):57.e1-57.e8J2021; 57:21-34. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpedi.2018.11.003
50. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021; 372: n71. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n71. PMID: 33782057; PMCID: PMC8005924.
51. Tang N, Li D, Wang X, Sun Z. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost. 2020; 18(4):844–847. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.14768
52. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223):497–506. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736(20)30183-5
53. Zheng Y, Xu H, Yang M, Zeng Y, Chen H, Liu R, et al. Epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of 32 critical and 67 noncritical cases of COVID-19 in Chengdu. J Clin Virol. 2020; 127:104366. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104366
54. Spiezia L, Boscolo A, Poletto F, Cerruti L, Tiberio I, Campello E, et al. COVID-19-Related Severe Hypercoagulability in Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit for Acute Respiratory Failure. Thromb Haemost. 2020; 120(6):998–1000. Disponible en: http://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/html/10.1055/s-0040-1710018
55. Cummings MJ, Baldwin MR, Abrams D, Jacobson SD, Meyer BJ, Balough EM, et al. Epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of critically ill adults with COVID-19 in New York City: a prospective cohort study. medRxiv. 2020; Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.1101%2F2020.04.15.20067157
56. Alsayer RM, Alsharif HM, Al Baadani AM, Kalam KA. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 mortality in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2021; 42(10):1083-1094. doi: 10.15537/smj.2021.42.10.20210396. PMID: 34611003.
57. Badedi M, Darraj H, Alnami AQ, Makrami A, Mahfouz MS, Alhazmi K, Mahmoud N, Mosa H. Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Deceased COVID-19 Patients. Int J Gen Med. 2021; 14:3809-3819. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S320713. PMID: 34335047; PMCID: PMC8317935.
58. Martínez-Murillo C, Ramos Peñafiel C, Basurto L, Balcázar-Hernández L, Pellón K, Flores López E, Et al. COVID-19 in a country with a very high prevalence of diabetes: The impact of admission hyperglycaemia on mortality. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2021; 4(3):e00279. doi: 10.1002/edm2.279. PMID: 34277995; PMCID: PMC8279620.
59. Cheng X, Xin S, Chen Y, Li L, Chen W, Li W, Zhou B, Li C, Gong Y, Li F, Duan P, Zhou X. Effects of metformin, insulin on COVID-19 patients with pre-existed type 2 diabetes: A multicentral retrospective study. Life Sci. 2021; 275:119371. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119371. Epub 2021 Mar 19. PMID: 33745895; PMCID: PMC7972834.
60. Ciardullo S, Zerbini F, Perra S, Muraca E, Cannistraci R, Lauriola M, Grosso P, Lattuada G, Ippoliti G, Mortara A, Manzoni G, Perseghin G. Impact of diabetes on COVID-19-related in-hospital mortality: a retrospective study from Northern Italy. J Endocrinol Invest. 2021;44(4):843-850. doi: 10.1007/s40618-020-01382-7. PMID: 32776197; PMCID: PMC7415410.
61. Tomar BS, Singh M, Nathiya D, Sharma A, Sharma E, Bareth H, Suman S, Ruparelia DP, Patel JB, Gajera VK; NIMS COVID 19 Investigator Group. Prevalence of Symptoms in Patients Discharged from COVID Care Facility of NIMS Hospital: ¿Is RT PCR Negativity Truly Reflecting Recovery? A Single-Centre Observational Study. Int J Gen Med. 2021; 14:1069-1078. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S295499. PMID: 33790636; PMCID: PMC8006813.
62. Li X, Zhao Y, Lu Y, Zheng Y, Mei N, Han Q, Ruan Z, Xiao A, Qiu X, Wang D, Yin B. Performances of clinical characteristics and radiological findings in identifying COVID-19 from suspected cases. BMC Med Imaging. 2022;22(1):55. doi: 10.1186/s12880-022-00780-y. PMID: 35346080; PMCID: PMC8960213.
63. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, Qiu Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Wei Y, Xia J, Yu T, Zhang X, Zhang L. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223):507-513. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7. PMID: 32007143; PMCID: PMC7135076.
64. Nagura-Ikeda M, Imai K, Tabata S, Miyoshi K, Murahara N, Mizuno T, Horiuchi M, Kato K, Imoto Y, Iwata M, Mimura S, Ito T, Tamura K, Kato Y. Clinical Evaluation of Self-Collected Saliva by Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR), Direct RT-qPCR, Reverse Transcription-Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification, and a Rapid Antigen Test To Diagnose COVID-19. J Clin Microbiol. 2020; 58(9):e01438-20. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01438-20. PMID: 32636214; PMCID: PMC7448663.
65. Yang W, Cao Q, Qin L, Wang X, Cheng Z, Pan A, Dai J, Sun Q, Zhao F, Qu J, Yan F. Clinical characteristics and imaging manifestations of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A multi-center study in Wenzhou city, Zhejiang, China. J Infect. 2020; 80(4):388-393. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.016. PMID: 32112884; PMCID: PMC7102539.
66. Mak GC, Cheng PK, Lau SS, Wong KK, Lau CS, Lam ET, Chan RC, Tsang DN. Evaluation of rapid antigen test for detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus. J Clin Virol. 2020; 129:104500. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104500. PMID: 32585619; PMCID: PMC7278630.
67. Lambert-Niclot S, Cuffel A, Le Pape S, Vauloup-Fellous C, Morand-Joubert L, Roque-Afonso AM, Le Goff J, Delaugerre C. Evaluation of a Rapid Diagnostic Assay for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antigen in Nasopharyngeal Swabs. J Clin Microbiol. 2020; 58(8):e00977-20. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00977-20. PMID: 32404480; PMCID: PMC7383555.
68. Porte L, Legarraga P, Vollrath V, Aguilera X, Munita JM, Araos R, Pizarro G, Vial P, Iruretagoyena M, Dittrich S, Weitzel T. Evaluation of a novel antigen-based rapid detection test for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory samples. Int J Infect Dis. 2020; 99:328-333. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.098. PMID: 32497809; PMCID: PMC7263236.
69. Scohy A, Anantharajah A, Bodéus M, Kabamba-Mukadi B, Verroken A, Rodriguez-Villalobos H. Low performance of rapid antigen detection test as frontline testing for COVID-19 diagnosis. J Clin Virol. 2020; 129:104455. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104455. Epub 2020 May 21. PMID: 32485618; PMCID: PMC7240272.
70. Mertens P, De Vos N, Martiny D, Jassoy C, Mirazimi A, Cuypers L, Et al. SARS-CoV-2 working diagnostic group. Development and Potential Usefulness of the COVID-19 Ag Respi-Strip Diagnostic Assay in a Pandemic Context. Front Med. 2020; 7:225. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00225
71. Blairon L, Wilmet A, Beukinga I, Tré-Hardy M. Implementation of rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigenic testing in a laboratory without access to molecular methods: Experiences of a general hospital. J Clin Virol. 2020; 129:104472. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104472. PMID: 32504944; PMCID: PMC7261076.
72. Matsuyama S, Nao N, Shirato K, Kawase M, Saito S, Takayama I, Nagata N, Sekizuka T, Katoh H, Kato F, Et al. Enhanced isolation of SARS-CoV-2 by TMPRSS2-expressing cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2020; 117:7001–7003. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2002589117.
73. Imai M, Iwatsuki-Horimoto K, Hatta M, Loeber S, Halfmann PJ, Nakajima N, Watanabe T, Ujie M, Takahashi K, Ito M, Et al. Syrian hamsters as a small animal model for SARS-CoV-2 infection and countermeasure development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2020; 117:16587–16595. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2009799117.
74. Shirato K, Nao N, Katano H, Takayama I, Saito S, Kato F. Et al. Development of Genetic Diagnostic Methods for Detection for Novel Coronavirus 2019(nCoV-2019) in Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2020; 73:304–307. doi: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2020.061.
75. Henry B. Lippi G. Laboratory abnormalities in children with novel coronavirus disease 2019. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 2020; 58(7)1135-1138. Doi: 10.1515/cclm-2020-0272
76. Chen X, Zhao B, Qu Y, Chen Y, Xiong J, Feng Y, Men D, Huang Q, Liu Y, Yang B, Ding J, Li F. Detectable Serum Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Viral Load (RNAemia) Is Closely Correlated With Drastically Elevated Interleukin 6 Level in Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Nov 5;71(8):1937-1942. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa449. PMID: 32301997; PMCID: PMC7184354.
77. Liu Y, Sun W, Guo Y, Chen L, Zhang L, Zhao S, Long D, Yu L. Association between platelet parameters and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019: Retrospective cohort study. Platelets. 2020; 31(4):490-496. doi: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1754383. PMID: 32297540; PMCID: PMC7171387.
78. Yang AP, Liu JP, Tao WQ, Li HM. The diagnostic and predictive role of NLR, d-NLR and PLR in COVID-19 patients. Int Immunopharmacol. 2020; 84:106504. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106504. PMID: 32304994; PMCID: PMC7152924.
79. Acosta G, Escobar G, Bernaola G, Alfaro J, Taype W, Marcos C, Amado J. Description of patients with severe COVID-19 treated in a national referral hospital in Peru. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica. 2020; 37(2):253-258. Spanish, English. doi: 10.17843/rpmesp.2020.372.5437. PMID: 32876213.
80. Solis-Cartas U, Martinez-Larrarte J. Opciones terapéuticas al síndrome de liberación de citocinas en pacientes con la COVID-19. Revista Cubana de Medicina Militar. 2020; 49(3):e0200783 Disponible en: http://www.revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/783
81. Ferrari D, Cabitza F, Carobene A, Locatelli M. Routine blood tests as an active surveillance to monitor COVID-19 prevalence. A retrospective study. Acta Biomed. 2020; 91(3):e2020009. doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i3.10218. PMID: 32921707; PMCID: PMC7716996.
82. Pérez-Fernández G. ¿Es la comorbilidad cardiovascular la causante de la elevación de la proteína C reactiva en pacientes positivos a la COVID-19?. Acta Médica del Centro. 2020; 14 (3). Disponible en: http://www.revactamedicacentro.sld.cu/index.php/amc/article/view/1294
83. Parra Izquierdo V, Florez Sarmiento C, Romero Sanchez MC. Inducción de tormenta de citocinas en pacientes infectados con SARS- CoV-2 y desarrollo de COVID-19. ¿Tiene el tracto gastrointestinal alguna relación en la gravedad? Rev Colomb Gastroenterol. 2020. 35(1):21-9. Disponible en: https://doi.org/1022516/25007440.539.
84. Vera N, Saavedra-Hernández D, Hidalgo-Mesa C, Aguila-López M, Abreu-Gutiérrez G, Herrera-González V, Rodríguez-García I. Parámetros de laboratorio clínico en pacientes con la COVID-19. Revista Cubana de Medicina Militar. 2021; 50 (2). Disponible en: http://www.revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/1171
85. Petrakis D, Margină D, Tsarouhas K, Tekos F, Stan M, Nikitovic D, Kouretas D, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis A. Obesity ‑ a risk factor for increased COVID‑19 prevalence, severity and lethality (Review). Mol Med Rep. 2020; 22(1):9-19. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11127. PMID: 32377709; PMCID: PMC7248467.
86. Alberca RW, Solis-Castro RL, Solis-Castro ME, Cardoso F, Duarte AJDS, Oliveira LM, Pereira NZ, Gozzi-Silva SC, Oliveira EA, Aoki V, Orfali RL, Beserra DR, Andrade MMS, Sato MN. Platelet-Based Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis in COVID-19 Patients. Life (Basel). 2021; 11(10):1005. doi: 10.3390/life11101005. PMID: 34685377; PMCID: PMC8538377.
87. Mikhaleva LM, Cherniaev AL, Samsonova MV, Zayratyants OV, Kakturskiy LV, Vasyukova OA, Birukov AE, Kontorshchikov AS, Sorokina AV, Sinelnikov MY. Pathological Features in 100 Deceased Patients With COVID-19 in Correlation With Clinical and Laboratory Data. Pathol Oncol Res. 2021; 27:1609900. doi: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609900. PMID: 34421396; PMCID: PMC8376972.
88. Santos LG, da Silva RV, Leal TC, Xavier JE, Figueiredo EVMS, de Paiva JPS, da Silva LF, Et al. Impact Of The COVID-19 Pandemic on Hospital Admissions and In-Hospital Lethality From Cardiovascular Diseases in Brazil: An Ecological and Time Series Study. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2022: 101216. doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101216. PMID: 35460687; PMCID: PMC9021219.
89. Briz-Redón Á, Serrano-Aroca Á. On the association between COVID-19 vaccination levels and incidence and lethality rates at a regional scale in Spain. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess. 2022: 1-8. doi: 10.1007/s00477-021-02166-y. PMID: 35002502; PMCID: PMC8727484.
90. Trunfio M, Venuti F, Alladio F, Longo BM, Burdino E, Cerutti F, Ghisetti V, Bertucci R, Picco C, Bonora S, Di Perri G, Calcagno A. Diagnostic SARS-CoV-2 Cycle Threshold Value Predicts Disease Severity, Survival, and Six-Month Sequelae in COVID-19 Symptomatic Patients. Viruses. 2021; 13(2):281. doi: 10.3390/v13020281. PMID: 33670360; PMCID: PMC7917896.
91. Qin C, Zhou L, Hu Z, Zhang S, Yang S, Tao Y, Xie C, Ma K, Shang K, Wang W, Tian DS. Dysregulation of Immune Response in Patients With Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(15):762-768. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa248. PMID: 32161940; PMCID: PMC7108125.
92. Wynants L, Van Calster B, Collins GS, Riley RD, Heinze G, Schuit E, Et al. Prediction models for diagnosis and prognosis of covid-19: systematic review and critical appraisal. BMJ. 2020 Apr 7;369:m1328. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m1328. Update in: BMJ. 2021 Feb 3; 372: n236. Erratum in: BMJ. 2020; 369:m2204. PMID: 32265220; PMCID: PMC7222643.
93. Dissanayake HA, de Silva NL, Sumanatilleke M, de Silva SDN, Gamage KKK, Dematapitiya C, Kuruppu DC, Ranasinghe P, Pathmanathan S, Katulanda P. Prognostic and Therapeutic Role of Vitamin D in COVID-19: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;107(5):1484-1502. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab892. PMID: 34894254; PMCID: PMC8689831.
94. Bellou V, Tzoulaki I, van Smeden M, Moons KGM, Evangelou E, Belbasis L. Prognostic factors for adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19: a field-wide systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir J. 2022;59(2):2002964. doi: 10.1183/13993003.02964-2020. PMID: 34172467; PMCID: PMC8576809.
95. Farsi Y, Tahvildari A, Arbabi M, Vazife F, Sechi LA, Shahidi Bonjar AH, Jamshidi P, Nasiri MJ, Mirsaeidi M. Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Roles of Gut Microbiota in COVID-19: A Comprehensive Systematic Review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022; 12:804644. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.804644. PMID: 35310853; PMCID: PMC8930898.
96. Gong X, Yuan B, Yuan Y. Incidence and prognostic value of pulmonary embolism in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2022 Mar 14;17(3): e0263580. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263580. PMID: 35286316; PMCID: PMC8920268.
97. Gillman AG, Lunardo F, Prinable J, Belous G, Nicolson A, Min H, Terhorst A, Dowling JA. Automated COVID-19 diagnosis and prognosis with medical imaging and who is publishing: a systematic review. Phys Eng Sci Med. 2022; 45(1):13-29. doi: 10.1007/s13246-021-01093-0. PMID: 34919204; PMCID: PMC8678975.
98. Martha JW, Wibowo A, Pranata R. Prognostic value of elevated lactate dehydrogenase in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Postgrad Med J. 2022;98(1160):422-427. doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-139542. PMID: 33452143; PMCID: PMC7813054.
99. Christensen J, O'Callaghan K, Sinclair H, Hawke K, Love A, Hajkowicz K, Stewart AG. Risk factors, treatment and outcomes of subacute thyroiditis secondary to COVID-19: a systematic review. Intern Med J. 2022;52(4):522-529. doi: 10.1111/imj.15432. PMID: 34139048; PMCID: PMC8446980.
100. Lee TC, Murthy S, Del Corpo O, Senécal J, Butler-Laporte G, Sohani ZN, Brophy JM, McDonald EG. Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2022: S1198-743X(22)00230-0. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.04.018. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35598856; PMCID: PMC9117160.
101. Xavier-Santos D, Padilha M, Fabiano GA, Vinderola G, Gomes Cruz A, Sivieri K, Costa Antunes AE. Evidences and perspectives of the use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics as adjuvants for prevention and treatment of COVID-19: A bibliometric analysis and systematic review. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2022; 120:174-192. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.12.033. Erratum in: Trends Food Sci Technol. 2022; 121:156-160. PMID: 35002079; PMCID: PMC8720301.
102. Pal R, Banerjee M, Bhadada SK, Shetty AJ, Singh B, Vyas A. Vitamin D supplementation and clinical outcomes in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Endocrinol Invest. 2022;45(1):53-68. doi: 10.1007/s40618-021-01614-4. PMID: 34165766; PMCID: PMC8223190.
2. Walls AC, Park YJ, Tortorici M, Wall A, McGuire AT, Veesler D. Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein. Cell. 2020;181(2):281-292.e6. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.058
3. Organizacion Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Los nombres de la enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19) y del virus que la causa. 2020. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/es/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it
4. Valero C, Mina O, Veliz C, Merchán V, Perozo M. COVID-19: La nueva pandemia con muchas lecciones y nuevos retos. Revisión Narrativa. Kasmera. 2020; 48(1)e48102042020. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3745322
5. Mendes A, Serratrice C, Herrmann FR, Genton L, Périvier S, Scheffler M, Et al. Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality in Older Patients With COVID-19: The COVIDAge Study. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020;21(11):1546-1554.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.09.014. PMID: 33138936; PMCID: PMC7491997.
6. Xu PP, Tian RH, Luo S, Zu ZY, Fan B, Wang XM, Et al. Risk factors for adverse clinical outcomes with COVID-19 in China: a multicenter, retrospective, observational study. Theranostics. 2020;10(14):6372-6383. doi: 10.7150/thno.46833. PMID: 32483458; PMCID: PMC7255028.
7. Gil-Rodrigo A, Miró Ò, Piñera P, Burillo-Putze G, Jiménez S, Martín A, Llorens P; en representación de la red de investigación SIESTA Et al. Analysis of clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with COVID-19 based on a series of 1000 patients treated in Spanish emergency departments. Emergencias. 2020;32(4):233-241. English, Spanish. PMID: 32692000.
8. Medeiros A, Daponte A, Moreira D, Garcia E, Kalache A. Letalidad de la COVID-19: ausencia de patrón epidemiológico. Gaceta Sanitaria. 2021; 35(4):355-357. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.04.001
9. Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet. 2020;395(10224):565-574. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8
10. Florence N., Rodriguez D., Crespin W., Zaola X., Cevallos B., Song J., et al. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N. Engl. J. Med. 2020; 382:727–733. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001017.
11. Sethuraman N, Jeremiah SS, Ryo A. Interpreting Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2. JAMA. 2020;323(22):2249-2251. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.8259. PMID: 32374370.
12. Martín-Sánchez FJ, González Del Castillo J, Valls Carbó A, López Picado A, Martínez-Valero C, Miranda J, Et al. Diagnostic groups and short-term outcomes in suspected COVID-19 cases treated in an emergency department. Emergencias. 2020;32(4):242-252. English, Spanish. PMID: 32692001.
13. Jiménez Hernández S, Lozano Polo L, Suñen Cuquerella G, Peña Pardo B, Espinosa B, Cardozo C, Aguirre Tejedo A, Llorens Soriano P, Miró Ò. Clinical findings, risk factors, and final outcome in patients diagnosed with pulmonary thromboembolism and COVID-19 in hospital emergency departments. Emergencias. 2020;32(4):253-257. English, Spanish. PMID: 32692002.
14. Cui LY, Cheng WW, Mou ZW, Xiao D, Li YY, Li YJ, Li WT, Chen ZM. Risk factors for pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2021; 111:154-163. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.08.017. PMID: 34418565; PMCID: PMC8372457.
15. Anka AU, Tahir MI, Abubakar SD, Alsabbagh M, Zian Z, Hamedifar H, Sabzevari A, Azizi G. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): An overview of the immunopathology, serological diagnosis and management. Scand J Immunol. 2021;93(4):e12998. doi: 10.1111/sji.12998. PMID: 33190302; PMCID: PMC7744910.
16. Qi K, Zeng W, Ye M, Zheng L, Song C, Hu S, Duan C, Wei Y, Peng J, Zhang W, Xu J. Clinical, laboratory, and imaging features of pediatric COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Apr 16;100(15):e25230. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000025230. PMID: 33847620; PMCID: PMC8052054.
17. Morikawa M, Shinoda M, Ota S, Yoshida Y, Hirouchi T, Shinada K, Sasaki O, Sato T, Kamachi K, Shinkai M. Clinical Features of 154 COVID-19 Patients and the Parameters for the Effective Detection of Pneumonia at the Time of the Initial Diagnosis in Japan. Intern Med. 2021; 60(1):31-37. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.5528-20. PMID: 33132330; PMCID: PMC7835458.
18. Barth RF, Buja LM, Barth AL, Carpenter DE, Parwani AV. A Comparison of the Clinical, Viral, Pathologic, and Immunologic Features of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Diseases. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2021;145(10):1194-1211. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2020-0820-SA. PMID: 34232978.
19. Budinger GRS, Misharin AV, Ridge KM, Singer BD, Wunderink RG. Distinctive features of severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. J Clin Invest. 2021 Jul 15;131(14):e149412. doi: 10.1172/JCI149412. PMID: 34263736; PMCID: PMC8279580.
20. Rong Y, Wang F, Tian J, Liang X, Wang J, Li X, Zhang D, Liu J, Zeng H, Zhou Y, Shi Y. Clinical and CT features of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 cases after two sequential negative nucleic acid testing results: a retrospective analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2021 Apr 8;21(1):333. doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-06013-x. PMID: 33832444; PMCID: PMC8027977.
21. Ouahmi H, Courjon J, Morand L, François J, Bruckert V, Lombardi R, Esnault V, Seitz-Polski B, Demonchy E, Dellamonica J, Boyer-Suavet S. Proteinuria as a Biomarker for COVID-19 Severity. Front Physiol. 2021; 12:611772. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.611772. PMID: 33767630; PMCID: PMC7985082.
22. Safiabadi Tali SH, LeBlanc JJ, Sadiq Z, Oyewunmi OD, Camargo C, Nikpour B, Armanfard N, Sagan SM, Jahanshahi-Anbuhi S. Tools and Techniques for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)/COVID-19 Detection. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2021 May 12;34(3):e00228-20. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00228-20. PMID: 33980687; PMCID: PMC8142517.
23. Gallo Marin B, Aghagoli G, Lavine K, Yang L, Siff EJ, Chiang SS, Salazar-Mather TP, Dumenco L, Savaria MC, Aung SN, Flanigan T, Michelow IC. Predictors of COVID-19 severity: A literature review. Rev Med Virol. 2021;31(1):1-10. doi: 10.1002/rmv.2146. PMID: 32845042; PMCID: PMC7855377.
24. Battaglini D, Lopes-Pacheco M, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Pelosi P, Rocco PRM. Laboratory Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis in COVID-19. Front Immunol. 2022; 13:857573. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.857573. PMID: 35572561; PMCID: PMC9091347.
25. Gorog DA, Storey RF, Gurbel PA, Tantry US, Berger JS, Chan MY, Duerschmied D, Smyth SS, Parker WAE, Ajjan RA, Vilahur G, Badimon L, Berg JMT, Cate HT, Peyvandi F, Wang TT, Becker RC. Current and novel biomarkers of thrombotic risk in COVID-19: a Consensus Statement from the International COVID-19 Thrombosis Biomarkers Colloquium. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2022;19(7):475-495. doi: 10.1038/s41569-021-00665-7. PMID: 35027697; PMCID: PMC8757397.
26. Yang X, Li Z, Wang B, Pan Y, Jiang C, Zhang X, Yang Y, Zhou C, Hu C, Zhang Z, Xu H, Liao W, Vizcaychipi MP, Sanders RD, Li Y, Ma D, Peng Z. Prognosis and antibody profiles in survivors of critical illness from COVID-19: a prospective multicentre cohort study. Br J Anaesth. 2022;128(3):491-500. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.11.024. PMID: 34980470; PMCID: PMC8616737.
27. Zhou A, Song Q, Peng Y, Liao X, Huang P, Liu W, Xiang Z, Liu Q, Jiang M, Xiang X, Deng D, Chen P. Symptoms at disease onset predict prognosis in COVID-19 disease. Libyan J Med. 2022;17(1):2010338. doi: 10.1080/19932820.2021.2010338. PMID: 34931582; PMCID: PMC8725726.
28. Ramesh J, Rajesh M, Varghese J, Reddy SLS. Calculated plasma osmolality at hospital admission correlates well with eGFR and D-Dimer, a simple outcome predictor and guiding tool for management of severe COVID-19 patients. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2021; 15(5):102240. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102240. PMID: 34403950; PMCID: PMC8353972.
29. Debi H, Itu ZT, Amin MT, Hussain F, Hossain MS. Association of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer concentration on the severity of COVID-19 cases with or without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2022; 17(1):83-93. doi: 10.1080/17446651.2022.2002146. PMID: 34781810; PMCID: PMC8607539.
30. Kumar DS, Hanumanram G, Suthakaran PK, Mohanan J, Nair LDV, Rajendran K. Extracellular Oxidative Stress Markers in COVID-19 Patients with Diabetes as Co-Morbidity. Clin Pract. 2022; 12(2):168-176. doi: 10.3390/clinpract12020021. PMID: 35314591; PMCID: PMC8938798.
31. Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, Xia J, Zhou X, Xu S, et al. Risk Factors Associated with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med. 2020;180(7):934–43. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994
32. Lippi G, Plebani M. Laboratory abnormalities in patients with COVID-2019 infection. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2020; Vol. (58): 1131–1134. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2020-0198
33. Bikdeli B, Madhavan M V., Jimenez D, Chuich T, Dreyfus I, Driggin E, et al. COVID-19 and Thrombotic or Thromboembolic Disease: Implications for Prevention, Antithrombotic Therapy, and Follow-Up: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020; 75(23):2950–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.04.031
34. Li B, Yang J, Zhao F, Zhi L, Wang X, Liu L, et al. Prevalence and impact of cardiovascular metabolic diseases on COVID-19 in China. Clin Res Cardiol. 2020; Vol. (109): 531–538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-020-01626-9
35. García-Azorín D, Martínez-Pías E, Trigo J, Hernández-Pérez I, Valle-Peñacoba G, Talavera B, et al. Neurological Comorbidity Is a Predictor of Death in COVID-19 Disease: A Cohort Study on 576 Patients. Front Neurolet. 2020;11:781. Doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00781
36. Zhang G, Hu C, Luo L, Fang F, Chen Y, Li J, et al. Clinical features and short-term outcomes of 221 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. J Clin Virol. 2020; 127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104364
37. Lippi G, Lavie CJ, Sanchis-Gomar F. Cardiac troponin I in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Evidence from a meta-analysis. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. 2020; Vol. (63): 390–401. Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pcad.2020.03.001
38. Tang N, Li D, Wang X, Sun Z. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost. 2020; 18(4): 844–847. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.14768
39. Zhang G, Zhang J, Wang B, Zhu X, Wang Q, Qiu S. Analysis of clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of 95 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A retrospective analysis. Respir Res. 2020; 21(1):1–10. Disponible en: https://respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12931-020-01338-8
40. Gao Y, Li T, Han M, Li X, Wu D, Xu Y, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Wang X, Wang L. Diagnostic utility of clinical laboratory data determinations for patients with the severe COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2020; 92(7):791-796. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25770. PMID: 32181911; PMCID: PMC7228247.
41. Du RH, Liang LR, Yang CQ, Wang W, Cao TZ, Li M, et al. Predictors of mortality for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARSCoV- 2: A prospective cohort study. Eur Respir J. 2020; 55(5). Doi: 10.1183/13993003.00524-2020
42. Wang F, Nie J, Wang H, Zhao Q, Xiong Y, Deng L, Song S, Ma Z, Mo P, Zhang Y. Characteristics of Peripheral Lymphocyte Subset Alteration in COVID-19 Pneumonia. J Infect Dis. 2020; 221(11):1762-1769. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa150. PMID: 32227123; PMCID: PMC7184346.
43. Paz Ibarra J. Manejo de la diabetes mellitus en tiempos de COVID-19. Acta Medica Peru. 2020; 37(2):176–178. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.35663/amp.2020.372.962
44. Zhang Y, Cui Y, Shen M, Zhang J, Liu B, Dai M, et al. Association of diabetes mellitus with disease severity and prognosis in COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020;165. Doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108227
45. Shi Q, Zhang X, Jiang F, Zhang X, Hu N, Bimu C, et al. Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Mortality of COVID-19 Patients with Diabetes in Wuhan, China: A Two-Center, Retrospective Study. Diabetes Care. 2020; 43(7):1382–1391. Doi: 10.2337/dc20-0598
46. Rastad H, Karim H, Ejtahed HS, Tajbakhsh R, Noorisepehr M, Babaei M, et al. Risk and predictors of in-hospital mortality from COVID-19 in patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2020; 12(1). Doi: 10.1186/s13098-020-00565-9
47. Chen Y, Yang D, Cheng B, Chen J, Peng A, Yang C, et al. Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients with Diabetes and COVID-19 in Association with Glucose-Lowering Medication. Diabetes Care. 2020; 43(7):1399–1407. Doi: 10.2337/dc20-0660
48. Jin Y, Yang H, Ji W, Wu W, Chen S, Zhang W, Duan G. Virology, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Control of COVID-19. Viruses. 2020; 12(4):372. Doi: 10.3390/v12040372. PMID: 32230900; PMCID: PMC7232198.
Terpos E, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Elalamy I, Kastritis E, Sergentanis TN, Politou M, Psaltopoulou T, Gerotziafas G, Dimopoulos MA. Hematological findings and complications of COVID-19. Am J Hematol. 2020; 95(7):834-847. Doi: 10.1002/ajh.25829. PMID: 32282949; PMCID: PMC7262337.
49. Abad-García MF. El plagio y las revistas depredadoras como amenaza a la integridad científica. Anales de Pediatría. 2019; Vol 90 (1):57.e1-57.e8J2021; 57:21-34. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpedi.2018.11.003
50. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021; 372: n71. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n71. PMID: 33782057; PMCID: PMC8005924.
51. Tang N, Li D, Wang X, Sun Z. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost. 2020; 18(4):844–847. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.14768
52. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223):497–506. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736(20)30183-5
53. Zheng Y, Xu H, Yang M, Zeng Y, Chen H, Liu R, et al. Epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of 32 critical and 67 noncritical cases of COVID-19 in Chengdu. J Clin Virol. 2020; 127:104366. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104366
54. Spiezia L, Boscolo A, Poletto F, Cerruti L, Tiberio I, Campello E, et al. COVID-19-Related Severe Hypercoagulability in Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit for Acute Respiratory Failure. Thromb Haemost. 2020; 120(6):998–1000. Disponible en: http://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/html/10.1055/s-0040-1710018
55. Cummings MJ, Baldwin MR, Abrams D, Jacobson SD, Meyer BJ, Balough EM, et al. Epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of critically ill adults with COVID-19 in New York City: a prospective cohort study. medRxiv. 2020; Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.1101%2F2020.04.15.20067157
56. Alsayer RM, Alsharif HM, Al Baadani AM, Kalam KA. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 mortality in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2021; 42(10):1083-1094. doi: 10.15537/smj.2021.42.10.20210396. PMID: 34611003.
57. Badedi M, Darraj H, Alnami AQ, Makrami A, Mahfouz MS, Alhazmi K, Mahmoud N, Mosa H. Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Deceased COVID-19 Patients. Int J Gen Med. 2021; 14:3809-3819. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S320713. PMID: 34335047; PMCID: PMC8317935.
58. Martínez-Murillo C, Ramos Peñafiel C, Basurto L, Balcázar-Hernández L, Pellón K, Flores López E, Et al. COVID-19 in a country with a very high prevalence of diabetes: The impact of admission hyperglycaemia on mortality. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2021; 4(3):e00279. doi: 10.1002/edm2.279. PMID: 34277995; PMCID: PMC8279620.
59. Cheng X, Xin S, Chen Y, Li L, Chen W, Li W, Zhou B, Li C, Gong Y, Li F, Duan P, Zhou X. Effects of metformin, insulin on COVID-19 patients with pre-existed type 2 diabetes: A multicentral retrospective study. Life Sci. 2021; 275:119371. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119371. Epub 2021 Mar 19. PMID: 33745895; PMCID: PMC7972834.
60. Ciardullo S, Zerbini F, Perra S, Muraca E, Cannistraci R, Lauriola M, Grosso P, Lattuada G, Ippoliti G, Mortara A, Manzoni G, Perseghin G. Impact of diabetes on COVID-19-related in-hospital mortality: a retrospective study from Northern Italy. J Endocrinol Invest. 2021;44(4):843-850. doi: 10.1007/s40618-020-01382-7. PMID: 32776197; PMCID: PMC7415410.
61. Tomar BS, Singh M, Nathiya D, Sharma A, Sharma E, Bareth H, Suman S, Ruparelia DP, Patel JB, Gajera VK; NIMS COVID 19 Investigator Group. Prevalence of Symptoms in Patients Discharged from COVID Care Facility of NIMS Hospital: ¿Is RT PCR Negativity Truly Reflecting Recovery? A Single-Centre Observational Study. Int J Gen Med. 2021; 14:1069-1078. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S295499. PMID: 33790636; PMCID: PMC8006813.
62. Li X, Zhao Y, Lu Y, Zheng Y, Mei N, Han Q, Ruan Z, Xiao A, Qiu X, Wang D, Yin B. Performances of clinical characteristics and radiological findings in identifying COVID-19 from suspected cases. BMC Med Imaging. 2022;22(1):55. doi: 10.1186/s12880-022-00780-y. PMID: 35346080; PMCID: PMC8960213.
63. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, Qiu Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Wei Y, Xia J, Yu T, Zhang X, Zhang L. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223):507-513. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7. PMID: 32007143; PMCID: PMC7135076.
64. Nagura-Ikeda M, Imai K, Tabata S, Miyoshi K, Murahara N, Mizuno T, Horiuchi M, Kato K, Imoto Y, Iwata M, Mimura S, Ito T, Tamura K, Kato Y. Clinical Evaluation of Self-Collected Saliva by Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR), Direct RT-qPCR, Reverse Transcription-Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification, and a Rapid Antigen Test To Diagnose COVID-19. J Clin Microbiol. 2020; 58(9):e01438-20. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01438-20. PMID: 32636214; PMCID: PMC7448663.
65. Yang W, Cao Q, Qin L, Wang X, Cheng Z, Pan A, Dai J, Sun Q, Zhao F, Qu J, Yan F. Clinical characteristics and imaging manifestations of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A multi-center study in Wenzhou city, Zhejiang, China. J Infect. 2020; 80(4):388-393. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.016. PMID: 32112884; PMCID: PMC7102539.
66. Mak GC, Cheng PK, Lau SS, Wong KK, Lau CS, Lam ET, Chan RC, Tsang DN. Evaluation of rapid antigen test for detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus. J Clin Virol. 2020; 129:104500. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104500. PMID: 32585619; PMCID: PMC7278630.
67. Lambert-Niclot S, Cuffel A, Le Pape S, Vauloup-Fellous C, Morand-Joubert L, Roque-Afonso AM, Le Goff J, Delaugerre C. Evaluation of a Rapid Diagnostic Assay for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antigen in Nasopharyngeal Swabs. J Clin Microbiol. 2020; 58(8):e00977-20. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00977-20. PMID: 32404480; PMCID: PMC7383555.
68. Porte L, Legarraga P, Vollrath V, Aguilera X, Munita JM, Araos R, Pizarro G, Vial P, Iruretagoyena M, Dittrich S, Weitzel T. Evaluation of a novel antigen-based rapid detection test for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory samples. Int J Infect Dis. 2020; 99:328-333. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.098. PMID: 32497809; PMCID: PMC7263236.
69. Scohy A, Anantharajah A, Bodéus M, Kabamba-Mukadi B, Verroken A, Rodriguez-Villalobos H. Low performance of rapid antigen detection test as frontline testing for COVID-19 diagnosis. J Clin Virol. 2020; 129:104455. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104455. Epub 2020 May 21. PMID: 32485618; PMCID: PMC7240272.
70. Mertens P, De Vos N, Martiny D, Jassoy C, Mirazimi A, Cuypers L, Et al. SARS-CoV-2 working diagnostic group. Development and Potential Usefulness of the COVID-19 Ag Respi-Strip Diagnostic Assay in a Pandemic Context. Front Med. 2020; 7:225. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00225
71. Blairon L, Wilmet A, Beukinga I, Tré-Hardy M. Implementation of rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigenic testing in a laboratory without access to molecular methods: Experiences of a general hospital. J Clin Virol. 2020; 129:104472. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104472. PMID: 32504944; PMCID: PMC7261076.
72. Matsuyama S, Nao N, Shirato K, Kawase M, Saito S, Takayama I, Nagata N, Sekizuka T, Katoh H, Kato F, Et al. Enhanced isolation of SARS-CoV-2 by TMPRSS2-expressing cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2020; 117:7001–7003. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2002589117.
73. Imai M, Iwatsuki-Horimoto K, Hatta M, Loeber S, Halfmann PJ, Nakajima N, Watanabe T, Ujie M, Takahashi K, Ito M, Et al. Syrian hamsters as a small animal model for SARS-CoV-2 infection and countermeasure development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2020; 117:16587–16595. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2009799117.
74. Shirato K, Nao N, Katano H, Takayama I, Saito S, Kato F. Et al. Development of Genetic Diagnostic Methods for Detection for Novel Coronavirus 2019(nCoV-2019) in Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2020; 73:304–307. doi: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2020.061.
75. Henry B. Lippi G. Laboratory abnormalities in children with novel coronavirus disease 2019. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 2020; 58(7)1135-1138. Doi: 10.1515/cclm-2020-0272
76. Chen X, Zhao B, Qu Y, Chen Y, Xiong J, Feng Y, Men D, Huang Q, Liu Y, Yang B, Ding J, Li F. Detectable Serum Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Viral Load (RNAemia) Is Closely Correlated With Drastically Elevated Interleukin 6 Level in Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Nov 5;71(8):1937-1942. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa449. PMID: 32301997; PMCID: PMC7184354.
77. Liu Y, Sun W, Guo Y, Chen L, Zhang L, Zhao S, Long D, Yu L. Association between platelet parameters and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019: Retrospective cohort study. Platelets. 2020; 31(4):490-496. doi: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1754383. PMID: 32297540; PMCID: PMC7171387.
78. Yang AP, Liu JP, Tao WQ, Li HM. The diagnostic and predictive role of NLR, d-NLR and PLR in COVID-19 patients. Int Immunopharmacol. 2020; 84:106504. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106504. PMID: 32304994; PMCID: PMC7152924.
79. Acosta G, Escobar G, Bernaola G, Alfaro J, Taype W, Marcos C, Amado J. Description of patients with severe COVID-19 treated in a national referral hospital in Peru. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica. 2020; 37(2):253-258. Spanish, English. doi: 10.17843/rpmesp.2020.372.5437. PMID: 32876213.
80. Solis-Cartas U, Martinez-Larrarte J. Opciones terapéuticas al síndrome de liberación de citocinas en pacientes con la COVID-19. Revista Cubana de Medicina Militar. 2020; 49(3):e0200783 Disponible en: http://www.revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/783
81. Ferrari D, Cabitza F, Carobene A, Locatelli M. Routine blood tests as an active surveillance to monitor COVID-19 prevalence. A retrospective study. Acta Biomed. 2020; 91(3):e2020009. doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i3.10218. PMID: 32921707; PMCID: PMC7716996.
82. Pérez-Fernández G. ¿Es la comorbilidad cardiovascular la causante de la elevación de la proteína C reactiva en pacientes positivos a la COVID-19?. Acta Médica del Centro. 2020; 14 (3). Disponible en: http://www.revactamedicacentro.sld.cu/index.php/amc/article/view/1294
83. Parra Izquierdo V, Florez Sarmiento C, Romero Sanchez MC. Inducción de tormenta de citocinas en pacientes infectados con SARS- CoV-2 y desarrollo de COVID-19. ¿Tiene el tracto gastrointestinal alguna relación en la gravedad? Rev Colomb Gastroenterol. 2020. 35(1):21-9. Disponible en: https://doi.org/1022516/25007440.539.
84. Vera N, Saavedra-Hernández D, Hidalgo-Mesa C, Aguila-López M, Abreu-Gutiérrez G, Herrera-González V, Rodríguez-García I. Parámetros de laboratorio clínico en pacientes con la COVID-19. Revista Cubana de Medicina Militar. 2021; 50 (2). Disponible en: http://www.revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/1171
85. Petrakis D, Margină D, Tsarouhas K, Tekos F, Stan M, Nikitovic D, Kouretas D, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis A. Obesity ‑ a risk factor for increased COVID‑19 prevalence, severity and lethality (Review). Mol Med Rep. 2020; 22(1):9-19. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11127. PMID: 32377709; PMCID: PMC7248467.
86. Alberca RW, Solis-Castro RL, Solis-Castro ME, Cardoso F, Duarte AJDS, Oliveira LM, Pereira NZ, Gozzi-Silva SC, Oliveira EA, Aoki V, Orfali RL, Beserra DR, Andrade MMS, Sato MN. Platelet-Based Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis in COVID-19 Patients. Life (Basel). 2021; 11(10):1005. doi: 10.3390/life11101005. PMID: 34685377; PMCID: PMC8538377.
87. Mikhaleva LM, Cherniaev AL, Samsonova MV, Zayratyants OV, Kakturskiy LV, Vasyukova OA, Birukov AE, Kontorshchikov AS, Sorokina AV, Sinelnikov MY. Pathological Features in 100 Deceased Patients With COVID-19 in Correlation With Clinical and Laboratory Data. Pathol Oncol Res. 2021; 27:1609900. doi: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609900. PMID: 34421396; PMCID: PMC8376972.
88. Santos LG, da Silva RV, Leal TC, Xavier JE, Figueiredo EVMS, de Paiva JPS, da Silva LF, Et al. Impact Of The COVID-19 Pandemic on Hospital Admissions and In-Hospital Lethality From Cardiovascular Diseases in Brazil: An Ecological and Time Series Study. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2022: 101216. doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101216. PMID: 35460687; PMCID: PMC9021219.
89. Briz-Redón Á, Serrano-Aroca Á. On the association between COVID-19 vaccination levels and incidence and lethality rates at a regional scale in Spain. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess. 2022: 1-8. doi: 10.1007/s00477-021-02166-y. PMID: 35002502; PMCID: PMC8727484.
90. Trunfio M, Venuti F, Alladio F, Longo BM, Burdino E, Cerutti F, Ghisetti V, Bertucci R, Picco C, Bonora S, Di Perri G, Calcagno A. Diagnostic SARS-CoV-2 Cycle Threshold Value Predicts Disease Severity, Survival, and Six-Month Sequelae in COVID-19 Symptomatic Patients. Viruses. 2021; 13(2):281. doi: 10.3390/v13020281. PMID: 33670360; PMCID: PMC7917896.
91. Qin C, Zhou L, Hu Z, Zhang S, Yang S, Tao Y, Xie C, Ma K, Shang K, Wang W, Tian DS. Dysregulation of Immune Response in Patients With Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(15):762-768. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa248. PMID: 32161940; PMCID: PMC7108125.
92. Wynants L, Van Calster B, Collins GS, Riley RD, Heinze G, Schuit E, Et al. Prediction models for diagnosis and prognosis of covid-19: systematic review and critical appraisal. BMJ. 2020 Apr 7;369:m1328. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m1328. Update in: BMJ. 2021 Feb 3; 372: n236. Erratum in: BMJ. 2020; 369:m2204. PMID: 32265220; PMCID: PMC7222643.
93. Dissanayake HA, de Silva NL, Sumanatilleke M, de Silva SDN, Gamage KKK, Dematapitiya C, Kuruppu DC, Ranasinghe P, Pathmanathan S, Katulanda P. Prognostic and Therapeutic Role of Vitamin D in COVID-19: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;107(5):1484-1502. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab892. PMID: 34894254; PMCID: PMC8689831.
94. Bellou V, Tzoulaki I, van Smeden M, Moons KGM, Evangelou E, Belbasis L. Prognostic factors for adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19: a field-wide systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir J. 2022;59(2):2002964. doi: 10.1183/13993003.02964-2020. PMID: 34172467; PMCID: PMC8576809.
95. Farsi Y, Tahvildari A, Arbabi M, Vazife F, Sechi LA, Shahidi Bonjar AH, Jamshidi P, Nasiri MJ, Mirsaeidi M. Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Roles of Gut Microbiota in COVID-19: A Comprehensive Systematic Review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022; 12:804644. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.804644. PMID: 35310853; PMCID: PMC8930898.
96. Gong X, Yuan B, Yuan Y. Incidence and prognostic value of pulmonary embolism in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2022 Mar 14;17(3): e0263580. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263580. PMID: 35286316; PMCID: PMC8920268.
97. Gillman AG, Lunardo F, Prinable J, Belous G, Nicolson A, Min H, Terhorst A, Dowling JA. Automated COVID-19 diagnosis and prognosis with medical imaging and who is publishing: a systematic review. Phys Eng Sci Med. 2022; 45(1):13-29. doi: 10.1007/s13246-021-01093-0. PMID: 34919204; PMCID: PMC8678975.
98. Martha JW, Wibowo A, Pranata R. Prognostic value of elevated lactate dehydrogenase in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Postgrad Med J. 2022;98(1160):422-427. doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-139542. PMID: 33452143; PMCID: PMC7813054.
99. Christensen J, O'Callaghan K, Sinclair H, Hawke K, Love A, Hajkowicz K, Stewart AG. Risk factors, treatment and outcomes of subacute thyroiditis secondary to COVID-19: a systematic review. Intern Med J. 2022;52(4):522-529. doi: 10.1111/imj.15432. PMID: 34139048; PMCID: PMC8446980.
100. Lee TC, Murthy S, Del Corpo O, Senécal J, Butler-Laporte G, Sohani ZN, Brophy JM, McDonald EG. Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2022: S1198-743X(22)00230-0. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.04.018. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35598856; PMCID: PMC9117160.
101. Xavier-Santos D, Padilha M, Fabiano GA, Vinderola G, Gomes Cruz A, Sivieri K, Costa Antunes AE. Evidences and perspectives of the use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics as adjuvants for prevention and treatment of COVID-19: A bibliometric analysis and systematic review. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2022; 120:174-192. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.12.033. Erratum in: Trends Food Sci Technol. 2022; 121:156-160. PMID: 35002079; PMCID: PMC8720301.
102. Pal R, Banerjee M, Bhadada SK, Shetty AJ, Singh B, Vyas A. Vitamin D supplementation and clinical outcomes in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Endocrinol Invest. 2022;45(1):53-68. doi: 10.1007/s40618-021-01614-4. PMID: 34165766; PMCID: PMC8223190.
Published
2022-11-19
How to Cite
Catalina Betzabe Mora Muñoz, & Juan Cadena Alvarado. (2022). Parámetros de laboratorio y factores clínicos en el diagnóstico y pronóstico de pacientes con covid-19. Revista Cien´tifica FIPCAEC (Fomento De La investigación Y publicación En Ciencias Administrativas, Económicas Y Contables), 7(4), 257-284. Retrieved from https://fipcaec.com/index.php/fipcaec/article/view/636
Section
Artículos de Investigación
